Telecom Basic Questions

1.       The OSI model was developed by ISO in the year___________

a.       1985

b.      1988

c.       1965

d.      1984

2.       The other name of directional antenna is..

a.       Omni-directional antenna

b.      Sectored antenna

c.       Isotropic antenna

d.      Yagi-Uda antenna

3.       The main purpose of multi plexer is..

a.       Combine voice and data traffic

b.      Perform error detection and correction

c.       Reduce network costs

d.      Perform analog to digital conversion

4.       Walkie – Talkie is the best example for..

a.       Simplex

b.      Half-Duplex

c.       Full Duplex

d.      None

5.       ATM Packet Size is

a.       50 octets

b.      53 octets

c.       56 octets

d.      64 octets

6.       In phase modulation the signal has________ phase and___________ phase.

a.       180,180

b.      90, 90           

c.       0,180

d.      0, 0

7.       What is Buffering?

a.   The process of temporarily storing the data to allow for small variation in device speeds

b.  A method to reduce cross talks

c.   A method to reduce routing overhead

d.  Storage of data within transmitting medium until the receiver is ready to receive

8.       Line of sight is...

a.    Straight Line

b.   Parabolic

c.    Tx and Rx should be visible to each other

d.   None of the above

9.       The layers of the OSI model, from the top -down, are

a.       Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data link, Physical

b.      Session, Presentation, Data transport, MAC, Network, Physical

c.       Presentation, Application, Session, Network, Transport, Data link, Physical

d.      Application, Encryption, Network, Transport, Logical link control, Physical

10.   Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a combination of ___________.

a.       ASK & FSK

b.      FSK & PSK

c.       PSK & ASK

d.      None

11.   Transmission media are usually categorized as _______.

a. Fixed or Unfixed

              b. Guided or Unguided

              c. Determinate or Indeterminate

              d. Metallic or Nonmetallic

12.   When a beam of light travels through media of two different densities, if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, _______ occurs.

a.       Reflection

b.      Refraction

c.       Incidence

d.      Criticism

13.   Which of the following is a type of fiber connector:

a.       SC

b.      ST

c.       MTRJ

d.      All of the above

       14. GSM allows a reuse factor of _______.

a.       1

b.      3

c.       5

d.      7

      15) What is the modulation method used in GSM at Air interface ?

                a)Pulse Code Modulation

                b)Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

                 c) GMSK Modulation

                 d )PSK Modulation        

    

   16)  Multipath Fading is also called as

a) Lognormal Fading

b) Shadow fading

c ) Rayleigh Fading

d ) Rician Fading

         17) GSM is the digital standard for Europe; what do the letters GSM currently mean?

 a) Global Special Mobile

             b)Greater System's Mobile

 c) Global Systems for Mobile Communications

 d) None of the above!

     18)  Full Rate Speech Coding is at

                a) 9.6 Kbps

                b) 13 Kbps

                c) 6.5 Kbps

                d) 4.8 Kbps

       19) _______ is a first-generation cellular phone system.

           a) AMPS

           b) D-AMPS

           c) GSM

           d) None

      20) MEO satellites are located at altitudes between km.

           a) 3000 and 5000

           b) 5000 and 10,000

           c) 5000 and 15,000

           d) None

STEPS TO INSTALL TEMS

STEPS FOR INSTALLING TEMS SOFTWARE

§ First install .Net 3 and .NET 3.5 in your PC.

§ After installing TEMS, install the driver of Dongle, Mobile phone, and GPS Buffo cable by connecting the equipment in different ports.

§ Dongle driver is automatically install in your PC just when you   connect in your PC.

§After installing device drivers, Copy and Paste below patch files in your  Drive (C) as-Files\Ericsson\TEMSProducts\TEMSInvestigation\Application

§ Now open the TEMS window as or you can put on your desktop & directly we can open--

§ My Documents\TEMS Product Files\TEMS Investigation 10.0.5\Workspaces after connecting the Dongle.

§ When your Dongle ,Mobile And GPS connected then Now u r ready to go for Drive Test but For finding our site we need MAPINFO or MCOM.

§ We have install Map Info or MCOM ,After installing  Map info we put updated Cell file or MIPT in your Map Info, for finding your Site ID,Orientation ,Cell id,BCCH

§ You already installed the TEMS software also but it will not show on your desktop then you have to open Tems from this process:-

§ For open the Tems first put Dongle on the Laptop after that:-

§ Start button---àall programs---àASCOM----àTems products-----àTems investigation 10.0.5 data collection.

Drive Test Engineer/RF Engineer

§Means collecting data on vehicle movement. Its variation has also intuitive: Walk Test, i.e., collect data by walking areas of interest.

      a) Coverage area

      b) Coverage –Indoor & outdoor

      c) Speech Quality

      d) Interference  

      e) Call drops in the network

The main types of Drive Test are :

§Performance Analysis

§Benchmarking/Comparative Drive Test

§SCFT(Single Cell Functionality Test))

§Cluster Drive Test

   We will discuss this topics in detail later.

There are many drive test tools in market which is used by us

 for Drive Test.

 Drive Test Software tools are used by us:

§TEMS(8.0.3,9,10,11,12)NEMO,PROBE,AGILENT

§DONGLE (Related tools)

§ MOBILE ( W995 FOR TEMS,U 120E FOR PROBE ETC)

§TESTING SIM OF OPERATOR

§GPS 72,70 OR MOUSE GPS

§COMPASS

§MEASURING TAPE

§TILT METER

§USB HUB

§INVERTER

§CAB

 Note:-For connecting of Mobile from Laptop we use Data Cable & For Connecting Hand GPS(e.g-GPS-72,70) we use baffo cable.

ANTENNA:

An antenna (or aerial) is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves and vice versa

§It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an oscillating radio frequency electric current to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves(radio waves)

§In the Telecommunication mainly we use Directional Antenna ,Microwave Antenna & Omni directional Antenna

§Antennas form a essential part of any radio communication system

§Antenna is that part of a transmitting or receiving system which is designed to radiate or to receive electromagnetic waves

§An antenna can also be viewed as a transitional structure between free-space and a transmission line (such as a coaxial line)

§An important property of an antenna is the ability to focus and shape the radiated power in space e.g.: it enhances the power in some wanted directions and suppresses the power in other directions

§Many different types and mechanical forms of antennas exist

§Each type is specifically designed for special purposes

OMNI DIRECTONAL ANTENNA:

These antennas are mostly used in rural areas.

–In all horizontal direction these antennas radiate with equal power.

–In the vertical plane these antennas radiate uniformly across all azimuth angles and have a main beam with upper and lower side lobes

Directional antenna:

§These antennas are mostly used in mobile cellular systems to get higher gain compared to omni directional antenna and to minimise interference effects in the network.

§In the vertical plane these antennas radiate uniformly across all azimuth angles and have a main beam with upper and lower side lobes.

§In these type of antennas, the radiation is directed at a specific angle instead of uniformly across all azimuth angles in case of omni antennas.

MAPINFO:

MapInfo Professional is a powerful Microsoft® Windows®-based mapping and geographic analysis application from the experts in location intelligence. Designed to easily visualize the relationships between data and geography, MapInfo Professional helps business analysts, planners, GIS professionals – even non-GIS users – gain new insights into their markets, share information-rich maps and graphs and improve strategic decision-making.

To launch MapInfo:

 Choose Start > Programs > MapInfo >MapInfo Professional 6.5 or simply click on the short cut on your desktop if one is created.

  For MapInfo preparation, you need to prepare your table in Excel spreadsheet (see Fig. 1) which should include the following: Site ID and Co-ordinates (Longitude and Latitude).

RF Survey/IBS Survey

RESPONSIBILITIES:
§Suggest and implement Network Parameters changes for reducing call drops and better coverage and analysis of impact after changing of parameter
§New Site verification & Optimization of the network, Coverage for the integrated indoor sites with the help of TEMS Investigation GSM 8.0.3. ( Walk Test )
Conduct RF Technical Site Surveys (TSS) for the In-Building design.
Preparing RF Technical Design Proposal (TP) for In-Building Solutions to meet customer KPI’s Coverage Design plan.
§Performing RF surveys and then preparing appropriate design and proposal products such as Antenna Location & Cable Routing
§Calculation of Link Budget (EIRP) and designing of the schematic diagram for IBC solutions
§Carrying out Transmission Test according to the design using NET MONITOR Test Transmitter Manager
§Checking In building installations and make sure that certain standards and quality level is maintained

Supervising Sweep Test for feeders and jumpers using Site Master
§Once RF equipment is installed, perform RF data collection to ensure that the quality of service meets RF design specifications such as RxLev, Rx Quality, Handover, parameter verification.
§Based on data collection activities, adjust any design and proposal products that do not meet specifications and/or recommend equipment or parameter adjustments.
§Verify macro, micro and In-building coverage plans to meet quality specifications.
Checking the post installation coverage, spillage, and Handover tests using TEMS Investigation /Probe/Agilent/Nemo.
§Optimization of the design, by implementing necessary changes to meet the KPIs.
§Site Auditing for the indoor sites to verify site database and cell design criteria’s. Checking coverage for Indoor solution to check the sufficient Rx strength & Rx quality.
§Checking all values, handovers relating with neighboring cells. Hands on experience of TEMS Investigation/NEMO/PROBE GSM & MapInfo Professional.